By Dr. Ashraf Ezzat
There wasn’t a time when I did not feel uneasy about the story of the Israelites’ Exodus from Egypt. Actually, uneasy is an understatement, for I was always irritated by this notorious story of Moses and Pharaoh of Egypt. Somehow, this Israelite tale couldn’t seem to fit in the history of ancient Egypt nor in my mind. Unlike most people, I couldn’t take that incredible tale for granted.
Whenever we say ‘the Exodus’ everybody unconsciously and instantly recognizes the story as the fleeing of the Israelites headed by Moses from the grip of Egypt’s ruthless Pharaoh. Thanks to the Church, Synagogue, and Mosque and of course Hollywood films this Exodus story has sunk deep in the collective subconscious of the masses, so deep that the story of Moses and Pharaoh has turned into an almost unshakable historical truth that once took place in Ancient Egypt.
But actually nothing in the ‘milieu of that story’ indicates that it happened in Egypt, except maybe the mistaken association between ‘Pharaoh’ and ‘King’ of Egypt.
Likewise, nothing in ancient Egyptian records or its oral tradition say or even allude to the fact that this tale of Moses really happened in Egypt. Even more shocking is the fact that the ancient Egyptian records do not refer to the Kings of Egypt as Pharaohs. Yes, Pharaoh was never a title for Egypt’s king. Linking Pharaoh to Ancient Egypt is merely a myth propagated by centuries of falsehood brought about by misleading interpretation of Biblical history.
The only reason we know the story of the Exodus happened in Egypt is because the Bible says so. We keep on believing that is the case because mainstream Egyptologists just went along with the (distorted) Biblical narrative and absentmindedly designated Egypt’s Kings as Pharaohs. But if we examined the Hebrew text the Bible (currently in our hands) used as a reference we will strangely not find Egypt mentioned in it as the site/land of the Exodus story.
The whole mess/deception took place during translating the Hebrew/Aramaic stories into Greek back in the third century BC. This is when Egypt was first hijacked and forcibly placed in the Hebrew Bible as the theater of the Israelite landmark stories. Ironically this whole act of duplicity took place on Egyptian soil and specifically at its legendary library of Alexandria.
But what if the Bible as we know it has long been tampered with?
- What if the first western translation of the so-called Israelite stories, that came to be known as the Septuagint Bible, was a distorted translation?
- What if the Israelite stories we all have been made to believe took place in Egypt simply did not?
- What if Egypt was fraudulently introduced in the Bible as the theater of the Israelite stories?
- What if the homeland of Judaism and the early Israelites is not Palestine?
- What if ancient Egypt never knew any so called Pharaohs?
- What if Abraham, Joseph and Moses never set foot in Egypt nor even dreamed about it?
What if the whole story of the Exodus from Egypt was a fake story, and what if we could prove that it is?
Have you ever wondered why are the Egyptian Pyramids and temples not mentioned in the Bible? Do you know that Egypt is mentioned in the Bible around six hundred times? The number is phenomenal and perplexing at the same time, for no one can revisit Egypt that too many times and never refers to one of its ancient icons; the Pyramids.
On the other hand do you have any idea how many times Israel/Israelites were mentioned in the Egyptian records? Get ready for this surprise; only once. Don’t jump to any hasty conclusions; this is not our evidence that Egypt was not the land of the Exodus; rather this is a prelude to our investigation (as detailed in our book, “Egypt Knew no Pharaohs nor Israelites“)
We were spoon-fed the idea that the Israelites were kept in bondage for almost 400 years (some say 260 years) in Egypt, and yet all of their stories are devoid of any trace of Egyptian influence. Moreover, and to our amazement, slavery was not a common practice in ancient Egypt in the first place. Unlike the pervasive culture of slavery in the Israelite stories, Ancient Egypt never had a public market for trading slaves.
Everything about ancient Egyptian culture; its art, architecture, monuments, people, theology, mythology and pantheon of gods is uniquely strong and influential even to this very day. After such a long sojourn in the land of the Nile Valley, one would have expected to find some trace of Egyptian cultural influence in the Israelite history and narrative, but that was hardly the case. Though the Israelites only spent around seventy years in the Babylonian Captivity, still that short period was documented by both the Israelites and the Babylonians and reference to it is also found in the Persian records.
On the other hand, the Hebrew Bible claims the Israelites sojourned in Egypt for hundreds of years and yet we fail to find any extra-biblical documentation or mention either of the Israelite sojourn or of their exodus in the Egyptian records, or non-Egyptian for that matter.
There wasn’t even any mention of the Pyramids, one of the wonders of the ancient world, in the Israelite stories. You can’t stay that long in Egypt without taking note of the Pyramids. Most foreign historians and military leaders who came to Egypt from late antiquity onwards like Alexander the Great, Strabo, Diodorus Siculus, and of course Herodotus were keen to mention and document their memories and commentaries about the famous site.
“The eighth king, Chemmis of Memphis, ruled fifty years and constructed the largest of the three pyramids, which are numbered among the seven wonders of the world” Diodorus Siculus (90 – 30 BC), library of history.
But when it comes to the Israelites their Hebrew Bible is totally silent about not only the Pyramids, but also any feature of ancient Egyptian culture or architecture.
“This pyramid was made after the manner of steps, which some call “rows” and others “bases”: and when they had first made it thus, they raised the remaining stones with machines made of short pieces of timber” Herodotus (The second book of the Histories 450 BC)
Seventy years of captivity in Babylon have left its mark on the Hebrew culture, the Hebrew Talmud and the Hebrew Bible. Themes from Sumerian and Babylonian mythology like that of the flood, Adam and Eve and the tree of knowledge can be traced in the Hebrew book. Even parallels could be drawn between the birth legend of King Sargon of Akkad and that of Moses.
The four-hundred-year sojourn in Egypt should have left its mark on the Israelites and their culture, but that is nowhere to be found because they have never been to Egypt. And no, the argument that claims the Israelites refrained from being affected by pagan beliefs and culture can’t be considered valid, for all sorts of Sumerian, Assyrian and Babylonian (pagan) cultural influences are jammed into their Torah.
The not so infrequent comparison between King Akhenaten’s monotheism and that of the Israelites is also invalid in essence for the Jewish cult is tribal, militaristic and lacked (actually forbade) any genuine artistic manifestations while that of Akhenaten was universal in nature (built on ancient Egyptian belief in a supreme God) that was celebrated by works of revolutionary art and architecture. Besides Akhenaten’s Aten was an inclusive deity that embraced all his children and not just one specific tribe of the desert.
It is not just the Pyramids but the whole milieu of the Israelite sorties is totally alien to Ancient Egyptian culture and landscape. It is like claiming to have lived for a couple of hundred years in Rome and oddly enough never referring to the ‘Colosseum’, or the Roman way of life, e.g., their fascination with the Gladiatorial Games.
No matter how hard you dig into the Israelite stories you will not find any Egyptian influence, not a speck of impact, except maybe the mention of the word Pharaoh. And guess what; Egypt never knew any Pharaohs either (how about that for a hard-hitting revelation).
“Re-examine your old beliefs” to find out how they they have come to define you. Indeed we are limited, if not pre-conditioned, by our old beliefs and stories. As they once carved our past those same old stories keep on shaping how we view the present. Only the critical scrutiny of some of our old beliefs will decide if they will keep their (unwarranted) authority over us in the future.
For more on the (true) Biblical history and that of Ancient Egypt visit Dr. Ashraf Ezzat’s website.
For more articles and videos by Ashraf Ezzat visit his website
The author is an Egyptian, born in Cairo and based in Alexandria. Ashraf Ezzat joined the staff of Veterans Today in 2009.
Graduated from the faculty of Medicine at Alexandria University but keen not to be entirely consumed by the medical profession, Dr. Ezzat invests a lot of his time in research, documentary filmmaking, and writing. He is a regular guest lecturer at the new Bibliotheca Alexandrina and the national museum of Cairo.
History of the ancient Near East and specifically of Ancient Egypt has long been of special interest to him.
In his writings, Ashraf Ezzat approaches ancient history not as some tales from the remote times but as a contributing factor in our existing life; and to him, history is as relevant and vibrant as the current moment.
In his research and writings, Dr. Ezzat is always on a quest trying to find out why the ancient wisdom & spirituality had been obstructed and diminished whereas the Judeo-Christian teachings and faith took hold and prospered.
Dr. Ezzat has written extensively in Arabic tackling many issues and topics in the field of Egyptology and comparative religion.
He is the author of Egypt knew neither Pharaoh nor Moses, a kindle book published in 2015 and available on amazon.
He writes regularly at many well-known online websites such as Dissident Voice and What Really Happened.
Dr. Ezzat is also an independent documentary filmmaker. His debut film was back in 2011 The Annals of Egypt Revolution and in 2012 he made Tale of Osiris a short animation for children.
In 2013 his short film, The Pyramids: Egyptian Genesis
The following documentaries were screened at many international film festivals in Europe.
In 2020 the documentary film: SEA OF LOVE: Transforming Journey to Egypt (Documentary)
In 2021 Egyptian Mountain of the Dead (Documentary)
Dr. Ezzat is working now on his upcoming documentary “Egypt knew neither Pharaoh nor Moses”.
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